Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) in Shih Tzus
Neurological condition — Shih Tzu — Small breed
Moderate Risk
What is Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)?
IVDD occurs when one or more spinal discs harden or herniate, pressing on the spinal cord or nerve roots. It ranges from mild back pain to complete hind limb paralysis depending on severity and location. Chondrodystrophic breeds (those with short legs) are at dramatically elevated risk due to premature disc hardening, a heritable trait.
Symptoms of Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)
- Reluctance to move, jump, or use stairs
- Arched or hunched back
- Crying out when touched along the spine
- Wobbling or weakness in the hind legs
- Dragging one or both back legs
- Loss of bladder or bowel control
- Complete hind limb paralysis (severe cases)
How Is Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) Diagnosed?
Physical and neurological examination establishes severity. MRI is the gold standard for identifying disc location and compression. CT myelogram is an alternative. Grading the neurological deficit (Grade I–V) guides treatment decisions.
Treatment & Cost
Mild cases (Grade I–II) may be treated with strict cage rest and anti-inflammatory medication. Grade III–V cases with significant neurological deficits require emergency spinal surgery (hemilaminectomy) ideally within 24–48 hours of onset for best recovery. Post-surgical physiotherapy is important.
Most pet insurance plans cover intervertebral disc disease (ivdd) treatment in full when the policy is active before diagnosis. Compare plans below.