Epilepsy in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
Neurological condition — Cavalier King Charles Spaniel — Small breed
High Risk
What is Epilepsy?
Idiopathic epilepsy is a heritable neurological disorder causing recurring seizures without a structural brain abnormality. It is one of the most common neurological conditions in dogs. Most affected dogs can be well-managed with medication, but the condition requires lifelong treatment and monitoring.
Symptoms of Epilepsy
- Generalized seizures: muscle rigidity, paddling, loss of consciousness
- Focal seizures: twitching of one body part, fly-biting behavior
- Post-seizure confusion, disorientation, or temporary blindness
- Excessive salivation or urination during a seizure
- Behavioral changes in the hours before a seizure (aura)
How Is Epilepsy Diagnosed?
Idiopathic epilepsy is diagnosed after ruling out other causes. Blood tests, urinalysis, and sometimes MRI and cerebrospinal fluid analysis are used to exclude metabolic disease, toxins, and structural brain abnormalities. The diagnosis is one of exclusion.
Treatment & Cost
Phenobarbital and potassium bromide are the primary long-term medications. Newer options include levetiracetam and zonisamide. Medication aims to reduce seizure frequency rather than eliminate seizures entirely. Regular blood monitoring for drug levels and liver function is required. Most epileptic dogs live normal life spans with good quality of life.
Most pet insurance plans cover epilepsy treatment in full when the policy is active before diagnosis. Compare plans below.